功能设计(functional design)是从用户的角度去描述系统应当做什么。
技术设计(technical design)描述了某功能是如何编码实现的。
功能设计的参与者是软件架构人员和客户，在双方一致认可的基础上描述了系统应当作什么。功能设计可能包括用户界面的需求，可能讨论数据库的访问，等等。最重要的是它应当详细描述双方一致认可的“系统将要做什么”这一中心问题。
技术设计的参与者是软件架构人员和开发人员，它描述了系统为了达到功能设计的要求是如何建立起来的。技术设计中可以包括客户不懂的而开发人员专用的一些术语。技术设计可能包括如何组织界面，可能描述数据库表名和列名，也许讨论服务器和操作系统的兼容性问题，等等。最重要的是它应当详细描述编码，单元测试，配置工作的具体细节。
下面是看到的一个比较好的关于功能设计和技术设计的定义：
A functional specification describes how a product will work entirely from the user's perspective. It doesn't care how the thing is implemented. It talks about features. It specifies screens, menus, dialogs, and so on.
A technical specification describes the internal implementation of the program. It talks about data structures, relational database models, choice of programming languages and tools, algorithms, etc.
From:
http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000035.html
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